乳腺癌 occurs not only in women, but in men as well. Men also have breast tissue, and those cells can turn into cancer. 

男性与乳腺癌:统计

根据美国癌症协会: 

• 乳腺癌 in men is rare — less than 1 percent of all breast cancer occurs in men.

• 关于 2,350 new cases of invasive breast cancer were diagnosed in men in the U.2015年的S.

• 女性患乳腺癌的几率是男性的100倍.

• 在美国，约有440名男性患有这种疾病.S. 2015年死于乳腺癌.

Some people use statistics to figure out their chances of getting cancer. Or they use them to try to figure out their chance of being cured. Because no two people are alike, statistics can’t be used to predict what will happen to one person. 这些统计数据描述了一大群人. 他们没有考虑到一个人自身的风险因素, 比如家族史, 行为, 或者癌症筛查. If you have questions, 和你的医疗保健提供者谈谈.

男性患乳腺癌的危险因素有哪些?

A risk factor is anything that may increase your chance of having a disease. Risk factors for a certain type of cancer might include smoking, 饮食, 家族病史, 或者其他很多东西. 某些人患癌症的确切原因可能尚不清楚. But risk factors can make it more likely for a person to have cancer. 

关于癌症的危险因素你应该知道的事情: 

• Risk factors can increase a person's risk, but they do not necessarily cause the disease.

• Some people with 1 or more risk factors never develop cancer. 其他人可能会患癌症，但没有危险因素.

• 有些风险因素是众所周知的. But there is ongoing research about risk factors for many types of cancer.

Some risk factors, 比如家族史, may not be in your control. 但有些事情你可以改变. Knowing the risk factors can help you make choices that might lower your risk. For example, if an unhealthy 饮食 is a risk factor, you may choose to eat healthy foods. 如果超重是一个危险因素, your healthcare provider may check your weight or help you lose weight.

男性患乳腺癌的危险因素包括:

• 年龄

• Radiation exposure, such as radiation that was used to treat another cancer in the chest area

• 雌激素治疗

• Diseases associated with high estrogen levels and low levels of male hormones (hyperestrogenism), 比如肝硬化或克氏综合征

• 大量饮酒

• 肥胖

• 患有乳腺癌的女性亲属

• 家族中乳腺癌2 (BRCA2)基因突变

男性最常见的乳腺癌类型是什么?

The most common type of breast cancer in men is infiltrating ductal cancer. This is cancer that starts in milk duct and spreads to nearby tissues.

Other less-common types of breast cancer in men include inflammatory carcinoma and Paget disease of the nipple. A type of breast cancer called lobular carcinoma in situ is very rare in men. 这是因为男性的小叶组织不多. 小叶组织是母乳产生的地方. 

男性乳腺癌的症状是什么?

The most common symptoms of breast cancer in men include: 

• 乳房肿块或肿胀

• 乳头向内翻(倒置)

• Fluid leaking from the nipple discharge, that may be bloody

• 乳房疼痛或拉扯的感觉

• Skin or nipple changes such as dimpling, puckering, redness, or scaling

Many of these symptoms may be caused by other health problems. It’s important to see a healthcare provider if you have these symptoms. 只有医疗保健提供者才能知道你是否患有癌症.

男性和女性的乳腺癌有什么相似之处?

Both men and women may have breast cancer cells in the lymph nodes. 癌症扩散的模式是相似的. The staging system for male breast cancer is the same as the staging system for female breast cancer. 乳腺癌 in both men and women are assessed in the same way to determine the prognosis. This includes the size of the lesion and whether or not lymph nodes have cancer cells. 这些因素影响治疗的选择和结果. Overall survival rates are similar in both men and women with breast cancer. Although male breast cancer is often diagnosed at a later stage.

男性乳腺癌的治疗

男性乳腺癌的主要治疗方法是手术. 最常见的手术是改良乳房根治术. 这意味着切除乳房, 腋下有很多淋巴结, 胸肌上的衬里, 有时是胸壁肌肉的一部分. 

其他治疗方法包括: 

• 放射治疗. 放射治疗 sends high levels of radiation directly to the cancer cells. Radiation after surgery can kill cancer cells that may not be seen during surgery. Radiation may also be done before surgery to shrink the tumor. 它可以和化疗一起进行. 或者它可以作为一种姑息治疗. This is a therapy that relieves symptoms, such as pain, but doesn’t treat the disease. 放射治疗通常是外束放射. 这也被称为外部光束疗法. 这台机器由放射治疗师控制. Since radiation is used to kill cancer cells and to shrink tumors, special shields may be used to protect the tissue around the treatment area. The treatments are painless and usually last a few minutes.

• 化疗. 化疗 is the use of anticancer medicines to kill cancer cells. In most cases, chemotherapy works by interfering with the cancer cell’s ability to grow or reproduce. Different groups of medicines work in different ways to fight cancer cells. The cancer doctor (oncologist) will recommend a treatment plan for each person.

• 激素疗法. 在某些情况下, 激素可以杀死癌细胞, 减缓癌细胞的生长, 或者阻止癌细胞生长. 激素疗法 as a cancer treatment involves taking substances to interfere with the activity of hormones or to stop the production of hormones. Before you begin hormone therapy, your doctor will do a hormone receptor test. This lab test is done on a small piece of the cancer tissue to see if estrogen and progesterone receptors are present. A hormone receptor test can help to predict whether cancer cells are sensitive to hormones. If so, hormone therapy may be given to help keep the hormone away from the cancer cells. 

• 辅助治疗. This is radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy given after surgery. 它被用来杀死任何看不见的癌细胞. 

与您的医疗保健提供者交谈 

如果你有关于男性乳腺癌的问题, 和你的医疗保健提供者谈谈, 谁能帮助你更多地了解这种情况.